Mumbai's topography was artificially created through centuries of land reclamation, transforming deep creeks and tidal flats into flat coastal plains. Much of the southern city sits at or just above sea level, making it highly susceptible to flooding during heavy monsoon high tides.
The terrain is flanked by two prominent ridges: Malabar Hill and Cumbala Hill in South Mumbai. Further north, the landscape becomes significantly more rugged within the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. The highest point in the city is roughly 450 meters (1,476 feet), located in the national park's mountainous terrain. The city is additionally intersected by several minor rivers and creeks, the most notable being the Mithi River, which drains into the Mahim Creek.