Infrastructure in Kathmandu has seen significant modernization, though it struggles to keep pace with rapid population growth.
Electricity is supplied by the state-owned Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). Following decades of severe power outages (load shedding), the city now enjoys a generally reliable 24/7 power supply due to improved management and new hydropower projects.
Water supply has historically been a massive challenge. The ambitious Melamchi Water Supply Project, designed to bring drinking water through tunnels from a neighboring district, has begun operations but faces ongoing logistical and environmental disruptions. Consequently, many households still rely on private water tankers and deep tube wells.
Telecommunications are robust; fiber-optic broadband internet is widely available and affordable, with multiple competing ISPs (like WorldLink and Vianet). Mobile network coverage is excellent, dominated by Nepal Telecom (NTC) and Ncell, both offering reliable 4G and expanding 5G services.
