Agartala is located in the western part of Tripura, situated directly on the Indo-Bangladesh border—the border runs merely a couple of kilometers from the city center. The Haora River, a significant water body in the region, flows through the heart of the city, eventually meandering into Bangladesh.
The geography of Agartala is largely defined by the Bengal basin to its west and the undulating hills of the Tripura landscape to its east. The city is surrounded by lush green forests and agricultural lands. The region is rich in natural resources, most notably natural gas, which is abundant in the surrounding state of Tripura and plays a role in the local energy landscape.