Villianur is administered as a Commune Panchayat under the local government framework of the Union Territory of Puducherry. The Commune Panchayat is responsible for local civic amenities, sanitation, road maintenance, and local development projects.
Politically, Villianur constitutes an assembly constituency for the Puducherry Legislative Assembly. The residents elect a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) to represent their interests at the territorial level. Higher administrative functions, such as law and order, major infrastructure, and public health, are overseen by the Government of Puducherry and its respective departments, coordinated by the District Collector of Puducherry.