Agriculture in Villianur benefits from the fertile soils of the Sankaraparani river basin and a traditional system of irrigation tanks (erries). The primary crop cultivated is paddy (rice), which is grown extensively during the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.
Other significant crops include sugarcane, groundnuts (peanuts), coconut, and various tropical fruits like bananas and mangoes. While urbanization is slowly encroaching on agricultural land, farming remains a vital part of the local livelihood and cultural identity. The local government supports farmers through cooperative societies and subsidized agricultural inputs.