According to the 2011 Census of India, the Tuensang urban area had a population of 36,774. The population is characterized by a relatively balanced gender ratio and a high literacy rate, which stood at approximately 83%, a figure comparable to the state average.
The town is ethnically homogeneous in that it is almost entirely populated by indigenous Naga people, though it is tribally diverse. The Chang Nagas are the predominant tribe in the immediate town area, but there are also significant populations of Sangtam, Yimkhiung, and Khiamniungan tribes, alongside a small community of non-Naga merchants and government workers. Christianity, predominantly the Baptist denomination, is the major religion. English is the official language of education and administration, while Nagamese serves as the crucial lingua franca among the different tribes.