Agriculture in the Tuensang region is characterized by traditional shifting cultivation, known locally as Jhum, alongside emerging terraced farming. The primary food crop is rice, supplemented by maize, millet, and taro.
Cash crops and horticulture have been gaining traction, with farmers cultivating cardamom, oranges, bananas, and apples in the higher altitudes. Livestock rearing is an integral part of the agricultural economy and cultural life, with a focus on pigs, poultry, and the semi-domesticated bovine known as Mithun (Bos frontalis), which holds immense cultural and economic value in Naga society. Organic farming is the default practice, largely due to the high cost and lack of access to synthetic fertilizers.