Agriculture in Phek is distinct and innovative. The district is famous for the *Zabo* (meaning "impounding of water") system, practiced predominantly by the Chakhesang Nagas. This indigenous system integrates forestry, agriculture, and animal husbandry. Rainwater is collected from forested hilltops, channeled through cattle enclosures to gather nutrients, and finally directed into terraced rice fields below.
Key crops include paddy (rice), maize, millet, and pulses. Horticulture is increasingly prominent, with farmers growing apples, oranges, passion fruit, large cardamom, and ginger. Organic farming is the default practice, as traditional methods naturally eschew chemical fertilizers. Livestock rearing, particularly pigs, poultry, and the culturally significant Mithun (a semi-domesticated bovine), is essential to the agrarian livelihood.