Agriculture in and around Longleng is primarily based on 'Jhum' or shifting cultivation, a traditional practice deeply ingrained in the local culture. The main food crop is rice, supplemented by maize, millet, and taro (colocasia).
In recent years, there has been a concerted push by the state agricultural department to promote sustainable and economically viable alternatives. Consequently, horticulture has seen significant growth. Farmers are increasingly cultivating cash crops such as large cardamom, ginger, Naga king chilli (Bhut Jolokia), oranges, and passion fruit.
Livestock plays an integral part in the agricultural economy, with almost every rural household rearing pigs and poultry for consumption and supplementary income. Forestry also contributes to the economy, with bamboo being a critical natural resource used for construction, crafts, and food (bamboo shoots).
