Dimapur's history is deeply intertwined with the Dimasa Kachari Kingdom, which ruled the region during the medieval period. The name "Dimapur" translates to "City of the Great River" in the Kachari dialect, referencing the adjacent Dhansiri River. It served as the flourishing capital of the kingdom until the 16th century, when it was repeatedly attacked and ultimately captured by the Ahoms, forcing the Kacharis to retreat further south.
During the British colonial era, Dimapur was initially part of the Golaghat subdivision of neighboring Assam. However, in the early 20th century, it was leased and eventually transferred to the Naga Hills district to facilitate the construction of the Assam Bengal Railway. This railway connection transformed Dimapur into a crucial trading post and a logistical base.
Dimapur played a highly strategic, albeit behind-the-scenes, role during World War II. It served as the primary supply base and railhead for Allied forces fighting the Imperial Japanese Army in the decisive Battle of Kohima and Battle of Imphal. The logistical support routed through Dimapur was instrumental in halting the Japanese advance into India.
Following India's independence and the subsequent creation of the state of Nagaland in 1963, Dimapur experienced rapid urbanization. It evolved from a small railhead town into the commercial nucleus of the state, attracting diverse populations from across India seeking business opportunities in the Northeast.