Saiha's governance structure is unique compared to most Indian cities, as it falls under the jurisdiction of the Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC). Established under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, the MADC is headquartered in Saiha and holds significant legislative, executive, and judicial powers over matters such as land use, forest management, agriculture, village administration, and local customs.
At the municipal level, local town councils manage daily civic amenities, waste management, and local infrastructure. Administratively, Saiha is also the headquarters of the Siaha District, overseen by a Deputy Commissioner appointed by the Government of Mizoram, who coordinates state and central government programs. The district is represented in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly by locally elected Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs).