According to the last available 2011 Census of India, Jowai had a population of approximately 28,430, though current estimates place it significantly higher due to urban migration from surrounding rural areas.
* **Ethnic Composition:** The population is predominantly made up of the Pnar (Jaintia) people, a sub-tribe of the Khasi community, who are recognized as a Scheduled Tribe. * **Religion:** Christianity is the majority religion in Jowai. However, a significant portion of the population continues to practice 'Niam Tre', the traditional, indigenous monotheistic religion of the Pnar people. * **Language:** Pnar is the most widely spoken language in daily life. English is the official language, used in administration and education. Khasi and Hindi are also understood and spoken. * **Education:** Jowai boasts a high literacy rate, exceeding 91%, which is notably higher than the national average.