According to the 2011 Census of India, the Thoubal municipal area had a population of 45,947, though this number has grown considerably in the past decade alongside urbanization. The population is relatively well-balanced in terms of gender, typical of Manipuri society, which places a high cultural value on the roles of women.
The city is predominantly inhabited by the Meitei community, along with a significant population of Meitei Pangals (Manipuri Muslims) in neighboring enclaves. The primary language spoken is Manipuri (Meiteilon), serving as a lingua franca. Hinduism and Sanamahism (the indigenous Meitei religion) are the dominant faiths, alongside Islam and a smaller Christian presence. The city boasts a high literacy rate of over 75%, reflecting a strong community emphasis on education.