Ranchi serves a dual administrative role as the capital of Jharkhand and the headquarters of the Ranchi district. At the state level, it is home to the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, the Governor's residence (Raj Bhavan), and the Jharkhand High Court.
Civic administration is managed by the Ranchi Municipal Corporation (RMC), which was established in 1979. The RMC is headed by a Mayor and a Municipal Commissioner, and is divided into dozens of municipal wards, each represented by an elected councilor. The corporation oversees urban planning, public health, sanitation, water supply, and the maintenance of local roads. Ranchi also forms a constituency for both the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament) and the state legislative assembly.