The civic administration of the city is managed by the Nagaon Municipal Board (NMB), which is divided into multiple wards, each represented by an elected ward commissioner. The board is responsible for local infrastructure, sanitation, water supply, and urban planning.
At the district level, the Deputy Commissioner (DC) of Nagaon serves as the chief administrative and revenue officer, overseeing law and order, land records, and the implementation of state and central government schemes.
Politically, the city falls under the Nagaon Lok Sabha constituency for national parliamentary representation, and the Nagaon-Sadar constituency for representation in the Assam Legislative Assembly. The city hosts vital administrative infrastructure, including the district courts, police headquarters, and municipal offices.