Located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, Kaziranga stretches across the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of central Assam. It is fundamentally shaped by water, lying in the floodplain of the mighty Brahmaputra River, which forms the northern and eastern boundaries of the region. The Mora Diphlu, Diphlu, and Mora Dhansiri rivers also intersect the landscape, creating a dynamic environment that is constantly reshaped by riverine erosion and silt deposition.
The region's physical geography is characterized by four main types of vegetation: tall elephant grass (which can grow up to several meters high), tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist mixed deciduous forests, and extensive marshy wetlands known locally as "beels." These beels are vital to the ecosystem, retaining water during the dry winter months and supporting enormous populations of migratory and resident waterfowl.
