Karimganj city is governed by the Karimganj Municipal Board (KMB), which is responsible for civic administration, urban planning, sanitation, and local infrastructure. The municipality is divided into multiple wards, each electing a ward commissioner to the board, which is headed by a Chairperson.
As a district headquarters, Karimganj houses the offices of the Deputy Commissioner (DC) and the Superintendent of Police (SP), who oversee the administrative and law-and-order machinery for the entire district.
At the state and national legislative levels, the city is represented in the Assam Legislative Assembly through the Karimganj assembly constituency. It also falls under the Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency for representation in the Parliament of India.