Agriculture forms the backbone of the broader Goalpara district, heavily influencing the city's market economy. The fertile alluvial soil of the Brahmaputra valley supports the extensive cultivation of rice, which is the staple crop.
Other significant agricultural products include jute, mustard, and a variety of vegetables. Goalpara is particularly famous for its banana cultivation; the nearby town of Daranggiri hosts one of the largest banana markets in Asia, exporting massive quantities of the fruit across India and to neighboring countries. Additionally, small-scale tea gardens and rubber plantations have gained traction in the hilly peripheries of the district.