Dhubri is located in the Lower Assam region, resting on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River and bounded by the Gadadhar River on the east. The city sits on a vast alluvial plain shaped by the meandering river systems.
The physical geography of Dhubri is dominated by the Brahmaputra's vast basin, which is characterized by shifting river channels and seasonal sandbars known as *chars*. The region is rich in fertile alluvial soil, deposited by centuries of annual flooding. Dhubri is situated near the tri-junction of Assam, West Bengal, and the international border with Bangladesh, making it geographically strategic but historically vulnerable to riverbank erosion.