While the city proper is urbanized, the surrounding Bongaigaon district is heavily reliant on agriculture. The fertile alluvial soil of the Brahmaputra and Aie river valleys makes it ideal for paddy (rice), which is the dominant staple crop.
Other significant crops include mustard, jute, wheat, and pulses. Vegetable farming is widespread, supplying the high demand of the urban population. In recent years, local farmers have increasingly adopted cash crops like betel nut, rubber, and small-scale tea cultivation. Fishery and poultry farming are also growing sectors, supported by government initiatives to meet local dietary needs.