According to the 2011 Census of India, the town of Bomdila had a population of approximately 8,370. The population size is relatively small but dynamic, bolstered by a significant presence of military and paramilitary personnel stationed nearby due to the town's proximity to the international border.
The demographic fabric is highly diverse, primarily composed of indigenous tribes. The Monpa and Sherdukpen tribes are the most prominent, alongside the Miji, Bugun (Khowa), and Aka communities. There is also a substantial Tibetan diaspora.
Buddhism is the dominant religion, profoundly shaping the town's culture, daily life, and architecture. Hinduism is also widely practiced, particularly among the migrant workers, government employees, and armed forces from other parts of India. Traditional animist practices (such as Donyi-Polo) and Christianity are also present. The literacy rate in Bomdila is generally higher than the state average, reflecting its status as an educational and administrative hub for the district.