Bomdila serves as the administrative headquarters of the West Kameng district. The local administration is headed by the Deputy Commissioner (DC), an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer who oversees law and order, revenue collection, and district development programs.
Municipal and civic duties are managed by local town committees, while traditional village councils often still play a role in mediating community disputes among the indigenous tribes.
Politically, Bomdila falls under the Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency for national representation, and it is a distinct constituency in the Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Because of its strategic location, various central government agencies, particularly the Indian Army, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and the Border Roads Organization (BRO), maintain a heavy, cooperative presence alongside civil authorities.
