Anini's economy is predominantly agrarian and heavily reliant on government expenditure. Because large-scale commercial industry is unviable due to the extreme terrain and poor connectivity, the public sector is the primary source of salaried employment. Government administration, defense installations, and infrastructure projects (like road construction by the Border Roads Organization) inject essential capital into the local economy.
In recent years, eco-tourism has begun to emerge as a promising economic driver. The picturesque landscapes, trekking routes to places like the Seven Lakes of Anini, and cultural tourism centered on Idu Mishmi heritage are attracting adventure travelers. However, tourism remains small-scale, constrained by the requirement of an Inner Line Permit (ILP) for Indian citizens and a Protected Area Permit (PAP) for foreigners, as well as the arduous journey to reach the town.