Located in the western central part of Bhutan, the Thimphu district is defined by the Wang Chhu (Raidak River) valley. The city of Thimphu is built along the western and eastern banks of this river, stretching linearly as it follows the water's path.
The geography of the wider district is dramatic and predominantly mountainous. To the north, the Dzongkhag extends into the high Himalayas, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This northern region includes a significant portion of the Jigme Dorji National Park, a protected area known for its extraordinary biodiversity, encompassing warm broadleaf forests, alpine meadows, and permanent ice fields.
The natural resources of Thimphu are largely centered around its pristine forests and the hydro-electric potential of its rivers. Flora and fauna are incredibly diverse, with the upper reaches of the district acting as habitats for elusive species like the snow leopard, takin (Bhutan's national animal), and blue sheep.