As of the 2017 national census, Phuentsholing Thromde had a resident population of approximately 27,658, though this number swells during the day due to a massive floating population of cross-border traders, day laborers from India, and transient travelers.
The demographic makeup is the most diverse in Bhutan. It includes Ngalops (from western Bhutan), Sharchops (from eastern Bhutan), and a significant population of Lhotshampas (Bhutanese of Nepali descent). Furthermore, there is a large expatriate community of Indian merchants, construction workers, and professionals. Dzongkha is the official language, but Nepali, Hindi, Bengali, and English are widely spoken, reflecting the town's role as a cross-cultural commercial zone.
